Reţele sociale

O reţea socială este o structură socială realizată din indivizi (sau organizaţii) sub numele de "noduri", care sunt legate (conectate) prin una sau mai multe tipuri specifice de interdependenţe, precum prietenia, rudenia, schimburi financiare, antipatii, relaţii sexuale, sau relaţii pe bază de credinţe, cunoaştere sau prestigiu.

Analiza reţelei sociale vede relaţiile sociale în termenii teoriei reţelei constând din noduri şi legături. Nodurile sunt actorii individuali ai reşelelor, iar legăturile sunt relaţiile dintre actori. Structurile grafice rezultate sunt adesea foarte complexe. Pot exista multe tipuri de legături între nosuri. Cercetări în mai multe domenii academice au arătat că reţelele sociale operează pe mai multe nivele mergând până la nivel de naţiune, şi joacă un rol critic în determinarea modului în care problemele sunt rezolvate, funcţionează organizaţiile, şi gradul de reuşită al indivizilor în îndeplinirea scopurilor lor.

În cea mai simplă formă a sa, o reţea socială este o hartă a tuturor nodurilor relevante dintre toate nodurile studiate. Reţeaua poate fi de asemenea folosită pentru a măsura capitalul social - valoarea pe care o obţine un individ de la o reţea socială. Aceste concepte sunt adesea afişate într-o diagramă a reţelei sociale, unde nodurile sunt punctele şi legăturile sunt liniile.

Bibliografie

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Linkuri

• The International Network for Social Network Analysis (INSNA) - professional society of social network analysts, with more than 1,000 members
• Annual International Workshop on Social Network Mining and Analysis SNAKDD - Annual computer science workshop for interdisciplinary studies on social network mining and analysis
• VisualComplexity.com - a visual exploration on mapping complicated and complex networks
• Center for Computational Analysis of Social and Organizational Systems (CASOS) at Carnegie Mellon
• NetLab at the University of Toronto, studies the intersection of social, communication, information and computing networks
• Netwiki (wiki page devoted to social networks; maintained at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)
• Building networks for learning- A guide to on-line resources on strengthening social networking.
• Program on Networked Governance - Program on Networked Governance, Harvard University

(Traducere şi adaptare din Wikipedia sub licenţa GNU de Nicolae Sfetcu)