young

16th century

In the 16th century Nicholas Copernicus revived the heliocentric model of the solar system devised by Aristarchus (which survives primarily in a passing mention in the Sand Reckoner of Archimedes). When this model was published at the end of his life, it was with a preface by Osiander that piously represented it as only a mathematical convenience for calculating the positions of planets, and not an account of the true nature of the planetary orbits.

The bill of a scavenger—the vulture.

The beak—otherwise known as the bill or rostrum—is an external anatomical structure which serves as the mouth in some animals. It is a distinctive feature of birds and, in addition to eating, is used by them for grooming, manipulating objects, killing prey, probing for food, courtship, and feeding their young.

Youth conversing with suitors
Young men courting a youth in a garden. From the Haft Awrang of Jami, in the chapter "A Father Advises His Son About Love". Freer and Sackler Galleries, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.