Music video

A music video (also promo) is a short film or video that accompanies a complete piece of music, most commonly a song. Modern music videos are primarily made and used as a marketing device intended to promote the sale of music recordings. Although the origins of music videos go back much further, they reached their peak of popularity in the 1980s, when Music Television's format was based around them.

Music videos can accommodate all styles of filmmaking, including animation, live action films, documentaries, and non-narrative, abstract film.

Timeline

• 1941: A new invention hits clubs and bars in the USA: The Panoram Soundie is a jukebox that plays short videoclips along with the music.
• 1956: Hollywood discovers the genre of music-centered films. A wave of rock'n'roll films begins (Rock Around the Clock, Don't Knock the Rock, Shake, Rattle and Rock, Rock Pretty Baby, The Girl Can't Help It), and the famous Elvis Presley movies. Some of these films integrated musical performances into a story, others were simply revues.
• 1960: In France a re-invention of the Soundie, the Scopitone, gains limited success.
• 1962: British Television invents a new form of music television. Shows like Top Of The Pops, Ready! Steady! Go! and Oh, Boy started as band vehicles and became huge hits.
• 1964: The US-Television market adapts the format. Hullabaloo is one of the first US shows of this kind, followed by Shindig! (NBC) and American Bandstand; The Beatles star in A Hard Day's Night
• 1966: The first conceptual promos are aired, for the Beatles' "Paperback Writer" and "Rain". Early in 1967, even more ambitious videos are released for "Penny Lane" and "Strawberry Fields Forever".
• 1970: The record industry discovers these TV-Shows as a great opportunity to promote their artists. They focus on producing short "Promos", early music videos which started to replace the live performance of the artist on the TV-stage.
• 1975: "Bohemian Rhapsody" released by Queen.
• 1980: "Ashes to Ashes" which is considered as a groundbreaking video is released by David Bowie
• 1981: MTV, the first 24-hour satellite music channel, launches. Initially few cable TV operators carry it, but it rapidly becomes a major hit and cultural icon.
• 1984: Michael Jackson's short film Thriller is released, changing the concept of music videos forever. The Making of Thriller home video was also released in 1984. It was the first ever video about the making of a music video.
• 1986: Sledgehammer, the groundbreaking video from Peter Gabriel, is first shown.
• 1989: MTV renames it's "Video Vanguard Award" to the " Michael Jackson Vanguard Award" in honor of Michael Jackson for his contributions to the art of music video.
• 1989: Madonna's controversial video for Like a Prayer is released.
• 1992: MTV begins to credit music video directors.
• 1992: Guns N' Roses's groundbreaking video for "November Rain" is released and remains as one of the costliest ever produced.
• 1996: Pop-up Video is first aired on VH1.
• 1996: M2 is launched as a 24-hour music video channel, as MTV has largely replaced videos with other content.
• 1999: M2 is renamed to MTV2.
• 2002: MTV Hits is launched as MTV2 is gradually showing fewer music videos.
• 2006: The Norwegian unsigned band Rektor makes the worlds first playable videogame musicvideogame http://www.rektor.no.

Music video stations

Here are some of the most popular music video stations from around the world:

Music video shows

106 & Park
Rage
Countdown
TRL
CD:UK Hotshots
Sidewalks: Video Nite

Notes

1. ^ Clarke, pg. 39

References

• Banks, Jack (1996) Monopoly Television: Mtv's Quest to Control the Music Westview Press ISBN 0813318203
• Clarke, Donald (1995). The Rise and Fall of Popular Music. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0312115733.
• Denisoff, R. Serge (1991) Inside MTV New Brunswick: Transaction publishers ISBN 0887388647
• Durant, Alan (1984). Cited in Middleton, Richard (1990/2002). Studying Popular Music. Philadelphia: Open University Press. ISBN 0335152759.
• Frith, Simon, Andrew Goodwin & Lawrence Grossberg (1993) Sound & Vision. The music video reader London: Routledge ISBN 0415094313
• Goodwin, Andrew (1992) Dancing in the Distraction Factory : Music Television and Popular Culture University of Minnesota Press ISBN 0816620636
• Kaplan, E. Ann (1987) Rocking Around the Clock. Music Television, Postmodernism, and Consumer Culture London & New York: Routledge ISBN 0415030056
• Keazor, Henry/Wübbena, Thorsten (2005). Video thrills the Radio Star. Musikvideos: Geschichte, Themen, Analysen, Bielefeld. ISBN 3899423836 (see also: vttrs.de)
• Kleiler, David (1997) You Stand There: Making Music Video Three Rivers Press ISBN 0609800361
• Middleton, Richard (1990/2002). Studying Popular Music. Philadelphia: Open University Press. ISBN 0335152759.
• Shore, Michael (1984) The Rolling Stone book of rock video New York: Quill ISBN 0688039162
• Vernallis, Carol (2004) Experiencing Music Video: Aesthetics and Cultural Context Columbia University Press ISBN 0231117981
• ALTROGGE, Michael: Tönende Bilder: interdisziplinäre Studie zu Musik und Bildern in Videoclips und ihrer Bedeutung für Jugendliche. Band 1: Das Feld und die Theorie. Berlin: Vistas 2001
• ALTROGGE, Michael: Tönende Bilder. Das Material: Die Musikvideos. Bd 2. Berlin: Vistas 2001
• ALTROGGE, Michael: Tönende Bilder: interdisziplinäre Studie zu Musik und Bildern in Videoclips und ihrer Bedeutung für Jugendliche. Band 3: Die Rezeption: Strukturen der Wahrnehmung. Berlin: Vistas 2001
• Bühler, Gerhard (2002): Postmoderne auf dem Bildschirm – auf der Leinwand. Musikvideos, Werbespots und David Lynchs WILD AT HEART
• Helms, Dietrich; Thomas Phleps (Hrsg.): Clipped Differences. Geschlechterrepräsentation im Musikvideo. Bielefeld: Transcript 2003
• KEAZOR, Henry / WÜBBENA, Thorsten: Video Thrills The Radio Star. Musikvideos: Geschichte, Themen, Analysen. Bielefeld: 2005
• Kirsch, Arlett: Musik im Fernsehen. Eine auditive Darstellungsform in einem audiovisuellen Medium. Berlin: Wiku 2002
• KURP, Matthias / HAUSCHILD, Claudia & WIESE, Klemens (2002): Musikfernsehen in Deutschland. Politische, soziologische und medienökonomische Aspekte
• NEUMANN-BRAUN, Klaus / SCHMIDT, Axel / MAI, Manfred (2003): Popvisionen. Links in die Zukunft
• Neumann-Braun, Klaus / Mikos,Lothar: Videoclips und Musikfernsehen. Eine problemorientierte Kommentierung der aktuellen Forschungsliteratur; Berlin: Vistas 2006
• Quandt, Thorsten (1997). Musikvideos im Alltag Jugendlicher. Umfeldanalyse und qualitative Rezeptionsstudie. Deutscher Universitätsverlag
• G.Turner, Video Clips and Popular Music, in Australian Journal of Cultural Studies 1/1,1983, 107-110
• C.Hausheer/A.Schönholzer (Hrsg.), Visueller Sound. Musikvideos zwischen Avantgarde und Populärkultur, Luzern 1994

Links

• Music Video Database
• rec.music.video
• Music Video Theory
• Collection of Rock Music Videos
• Music Video Codes
• Another Music Video Database

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