War in South Ossetia

2008 South Ossetia war
Part of Georgian-Ossetian conflict and Georgian-Abkhazian conflict
Location of Georgia (including the de facto independent provinces of Abkhazia and South Ossetia) and the Russian part of North Caucasus
Date  – present Location Georgia Result Conflict ongoing
Belligerents
South Ossetian secessionists Russian Federation Abkhazian secessionists	Georgia
Commanders
Eduard Kokoity Dmitry Medvedev Anatoliy Serdyukov Marat Kulakhmetov Sergei Bagapsh	Mikheil Saakashvili Davit Kezerashvili Zaza Gogava
Strength
1 battalion of troops formerly used for peacekeeping, possibly 3,000 total Thousands of troops formerly used for peacekeeping, thousands of other troops in Georgia Reportedly at least hundreds (possibly thousands) of volunteers	1 battalion of troops formerly used for peacekeeping, unknown number of other troops. "Many" volunteers from Georgia. Reportedly small number of ethnic Georgian volunteers from Azerbaijan
Casualties and losses
Unknown Confirmed by Russia: 21 soldiers killed, 150 wounded, 14 missing in action (3 captured) 4 aircraft lost Claimed by Georgia: Several hundred killed, 18 aircraft lost 40 tanks destroyed	Confirmed by Georgia: About 200 soldiers killed A dozen tanks lost 1 APC lost Claimed by Russia: 2 helicopters lost 1 missile boat sunk
Georgia claims around 100 civilian casualties Russia claims over 2,000 civilians in South Ossetia were killed
Up to 20,000 civilians displaced within Georgia, according to the United Nations refugee agency. According to Russia, a further 30,000 civilians have fled into Russia from South Ossetia (according to the HRW, some 24,000 of which around half may have returned as armed volunteers).

The 2008 South Ossetia war is a military conflict that started on 8 August 2008 involving Georgia, South Ossetian and Abkhazian secessionists and the Russian Federation.

South Ossetia and Abkhazia are territories within Georgia that declared independence from Georgia and have been acting in a de facto independent capacity since the early 1990s. Neither state has been diplomatically recognised by any member of the United Nations. In the early 2000s, it was reported that 95% of the population in South Ossetia were Russian citizens.

On , Georgia claimed that South Ossetian separatists had shelled Georgian villages in violation of a ceasefire. Georgia launched a military offensive to surround and capture the capital of South Ossetia, Tskhinvali. South Ossetia denies provoking conflict.

Later the same day, Russia responded by moving its troops across the Georgian border, bringing ground forces into South Ossetia and Abkhazia and launching airstrikes on targets elsewhere in the country. The Russian government's stated justification for entering Georgian territory was to protect its own citizens and to prevent "a genocide by Georgian forces". As Georgia retreated from its offensive in South Ossetia, it claimed it was defending itself from "Russian aggression." Separatists claim that Georgians killed at least 1000 South Ossetian people before the Russians intervened. Russia responded to the charge in the United Nations, saying Georgia had started the war by conducting a military operation against South Ossetia. Georgia insisted it had earlier been provoked by attacks by South Ossetian militants, which South Ossetia repeatedly denies.

Most international observers have called for a peaceful solution to the conflict The European Union and the United States expressed a will to send a joint delegation to try to negotiate a cease-fire. Russia ruled out peace talks with Georgia until the latter withdrew from South Ossetia and signed a legally binding pact renouncing the use of force against South Ossetia and Abkhazia.

On 12 August, The New York Times reported:

President Dmitri A. Medvedev of Russia announced... that he had ordered a halt to his country's military operation in Georgia, although he did not say that troops were pulling out and he insisted that Russian forces were still authorized to fire on enemies in South Ossetia.

References

1. Krasnogir, Sergey (8 August 2008). "Расстановка сил" (in Russian), Lenta.Ru.
2. Barnard, Anne; Schwirtz, Michael; Chivers, C.J. (9 August 2008). "Georgia and Russia Nearing All-Out War", The New York Times.
3. ""Human Rights Watch Counts South Ossetian Casualties, Displaced", Deutsche Welle
4. "Hundreds of ‘Volunteers’ Head for S.Ossetia – N.Ossetian Leader", Civil.ge
5. "Missiles confiscated by Georgia in South Ossetia to be handed back to Russia", RIA Novosti via Russia in Global Affairs
6. "Sout Ossetia: Georgia rotates peacekeepers, reopens road", Civil.ge
7. "Zugdidi w rękach Rosjan" (in Polish), Rzeczpospolita.
8. "Azerbaijani Georgians not to keep out of war with Ossetians",
9. Day-by-day: South Ossetia crisis, BBC News, 9 August 2008 Link accessed 09/08/08 and [1]
10. "(Russian) "Произошел массированный обстрел Цхинвали", Vesti
11. "Генштаб России признал потерю еще двух самолетов" (in Russian), Lenta.Ru.
12. "Россия потеряла в Грузии только два самолета, а не двенадцать" (in Russian), The Russian Federation Ministry of Defence.
13. Russian military pushes into Georgia CNN
14. "Georgia Says [it Destroyed 40 Russian Tanks"], civil.ge
15. Georgia withdraws troops from South Ossetia capital, CNN,
16. "Burning tanks scattered around Tskhinvali".
17. "Georgia Army Launches New Offensive on South Ossetia Capital Tskhinvali".
18. Georgia Says its Armoured Vehicle Blown Up, Civil Georgia,  See also: "Georgia reports 'large-scale battles' in rebel region".
19. "Российские военные уничтожили два грузинских вертолета - миротворцы" (in Russian), RIA Novosti.  
20. "Дыгало подтвердил уничтожение грузинского ракетного катера" (in Russian), Lenta.ru.  
21. "Georgian forces quit S.Ossetia after Russian strikes".
22. "Security Council holds third emergency meeting as South Ossetia conflict intensifies, expands to other parts of Georgia".
23. "Georgian army moves to retake South Ossetia". 
24. BBC, Georgia 'calls Ossetia ceasefire', 11.08.08
25. "Под чужим флагом".
26. "The goals behind Moscow's Proxy Offensive in South Ossetia".
27. Six Die in S.Ossetia Shootout, Civil Georgia,
28. "Medvedev, Putin accuse Georgia of genocide".
29. "Georgia Pulls Out Troops from Iraq amid ‘Russian Aggression’". Civil Georgia.
30. "Digg - Media Disinformation: Distorts News from the Georgia Region".
31. Kendall, Bridget (2008-08-10). "Western words fall on deaf Russian ears". bbc.co.uk.
32. La Géorgie et la Russie s'affrontent pour le contrôle de l'Ossétie du Sud. Le Monde.
33. "The Hindu : Front Page : Georgia pulls out forces".
34. "Russia Orders Halt in Georgia as Fighting Continues", The New York Times
35. "Q&A: Violence in South Ossetia", BBC News (2008-08-08).  
36. Associated Press (2008-08-08). "Facts about South Ossetia". International Herald Tribune.
37. "S Ossetiitterness turns to conflict", BBC (2008-08-08).  
38. "We are at war with Russia, declares Georgian leader", The Independent
39. See South Ossetian independence referendum, 2006 article for more information.
    "(English) A journey to South Ossetia, a documentary about life in South Ossetia, made in 2007 (before the war)", EuroNews (16.06.2007).  
40. "Saakashvili: Returning of Abkhazia is the main goal of Georgia".
41. "What is Georgia's rebel South Ossetia region?", Reuters
42. "Defense Spending, Number of Troops Increased". Civil Georgia
43. "1.00 USD to GEL".
44. "Georgia in CIA - The World Factbook".
45. "Ground Zero in the New Caucasus Conflict". See also: "Did the U.S. Prep Georgia for War with Russia?".
46. "Georgia takes on impossible odds".
47. "Russian tanks enter South Ossetia", BBC
48. Вывезли из-под огня. В Россию прибывают беженцы из Южной Осетии. Channel One.
49. Talking Through Gritted Teeth. BBC Monitoring, 6 August 2008
50. Georgia Says its Armoured Vehicle Blown Up, Civil Georgia,  See also: Georgia reports 'large-scale battles' in rebel region, AFP,
51. Georgia shells its breakaway republic, Russia Today,  See also: Georgian tanks head for South Ossetia, Russia Today,
52. Heavy fighting in South Ossetia, BBC News, 8 August 2008
53. "The Raw Story - Georgia, rebel region to hold talks after clashes: report".
54. Saakashvili Appeals for Peace in Televised Address, Civil Georgia,
55. "Russiecomes officially involved in war against Georgia - Pravda.Ru".
56. "Itar-Tass".
57. (Russian) Обстановка в зоне грузино-осетинского конфликта накалена до предела, Channel One,
58. Antidze, Margarita. Georgia troops and rebels clash after brief truce, Swissnews, .
59. (Russian) Грузинская сторона обстреливает дорогу, которая ведет из Цхинвали в РФ, RIA Novosti, 8 August 2008
60. Tskhinvali almost surrounded - Georgian official. Itar-Tass.
61. CNN news
62. Hundreds of ‘Volunteers’ Head for S.Ossetia –N.Ossetian Leader. Civil Georgia.
63. Abkhazian army units advance to arms limitation zone with Georgia. Itar-Tass.
64. "CONCERNED BY VIOLENCE IN GEORGIAN REGION, SECRETARY-GENERAL URGES RESTRAINT".
65. "UN holds emergency meeting on Georgia conflict". United Nations (8 August 2008).
66. Putin vows retaliation for Georgian action in South Ossetia. AFP. 8 August 2008.
67. Дмитрий Медведев проводит экстренной совещание в связи с ситуацией в Южной Осетии. Kremlin.ru. 8 August 2008 (Russian)
68. Georgia Says Russian Jet Bombed Kareli. Civil Georgia.
69. Official: Warplane Drops Bomb Outside Gori. Civil Georgia'.
70. Blomfield, Adrian (2008-08-08). "Georgia conflict: Roar of war as jets fill the air", Daily Telegraph, Telegraph Media Group.  
71. ‘Most of S.Ossetia Under Tbilisi’s Control’ – Saakashvili. Civil Georgia.
72. Россия называет сообщения о сбитом в Грузии самолете РФ информационной провокацией. Interfax.
73. Georgia reports new air attacks at military bases. AP.
74. "Georgia offers rebels ceasefire".
75. Командующий миротворцами: жителям Цхинвали не предоставили "коридора безопасности". Interfax.
76. "Medvedev's official statement (August 8)".
77. Lenta.ru (Russian)
78. "Lenta.Ru: На Цхинвали движется колонна российских танков".
79. "Large-Scale Fighting Erupts In South Ossetia", Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
80. Lenta.Ru: Georgian army forces falling back from Tskhinvali (Russian)
81. Lenta.Ru: Russian airplanes are bombing Georgian army positions (Russian)
82. "Lenta.Ru: Грузия пригрозила России войной".
83. Lenta.Ru: Russian tanks entered Tskhinvali (Russian)
84. Georgia Says Russian Jet Drops Two Bombs on Vaziani Base. Civil Georgia.
85. Reports: Russian Jet Bombs Military Airfield in Marneuli. Civil Georgia.
86. "AP: Georgia says Russian aircraft bombed its air bases".
87.   Allenova, Olga (2008-08-08). "Первая миротворческая война" (in Russian), KommersantЪ.  
88.  "Georgia says to withdraw 1,000 soldiers from Iraq". Reuters.
89.  "Georgia pulls 1,000 troops from Iraq - Times Online".
90.  "Agi News On - Georgia: Putin".
91.   "Грузия задержала трех сбитых российских пилотов" (in Russian), Lenta.Ru.  
92.  "Стрельба в Цхинвали возобновилась: российские миротворцы ведут бой с грузинскими войсками" (in Russian).  See also: "В Цхинвали погибли 12 российских миротворцев" (in Russian).  
93.  "Fighting with Russia spreads to cities across Georgia", CNN
94.  "Russian jets bomb Georgia - Reuters witness" (in English), Reuters.   See also: "Российские ВВС разбомбили позиции грузинской артиллерии близ Гори" (in Russian), Lenta.ru.  
95.  "Russian jets attack Georgian town". BBC.  See also: "Georgia and Russia Nearing All-Out War - nytimes".
96.    "В Цхинвали вошли подразделения Воздушно-десантных войск" (in Russian), Russian Ministry of Defence.  
97.  "Части 58 армии полностью освободили Цхинвали от грузинских военных" (in Russian), Lenta.Ru.   See also: "Части 58 армии полностью освободили Цхинвали от грузинских военных", Russian Ministry of Defence.  
98.  "Подразделения 76-й Псковской дивизии направлены в Цхинвали" (in Russian), RIA Novosti.  
99.  "Подразделения 76-й Псковской дивизии направлены в Цхинвали". 
100.  "Abkhazia moves to flush out Georgian troops" (in English), Associated press.  
101.  "Georgia's Saakashvili seeks martial law approval" (in English), Reuters.  
102.  "Военное положение в Грузии вводится на 15 дней" (in Russian), Lenta.Ru.  
103.  6 hours ago (6 hours ago). "The Associated Press: Georgia proposes cease fire in S Ossetia".
104.  "No S.Ossetia talks before Georgia withdraws-Russia" (2008-08-11).
105.  "Georgia Fight Spreads; Moscow Issues Ultimatum" (09-08-08).
106.  "Interfax: General and business news from Russia, CIS, Central Europe and China".
107.  "Georgia calls for ceasefire in S. Ossetia fighting".
108.  "ГРУЗИНСКИЕ ВОЙСКА ВЗОРВАЛИ РОКСКИЙ ТОННЕЛЬ - ИСТОЧНИК" (in Russian), News Georgia.  
109.  "Сообщения о взрыве Рокского туннеля, прошедшие в ряде СМИ, не соответствуют действительности" (in Russian), The Russian Federation Ministry of Defence.  
110.  "Georgia to impose martial law, port bombed-official".
111.  "Russia expands Georgilitz, deploys ships", AP/The Guardian (2008-08-11).  
112.  "Грузия прекращает вещание российских телеканалов" (in Russian).  
113.  "Россия прекращает авиасообщение с Грузией" (in Russian).  
114.  "UN Security Council Fails to Agree on Georgia" (in English).  
115.  "Russia to 'force S Ossetia peace'" (in English).   See also: "Russia launches operation to ensure peace in S.Ossetia" (in English).  
116.  "Warden Messages".
117.  "Russian general wounded in Georgia's rebel region", Reuters
118.   Abelsky, Paul; Alex Nicholson (2008-08-10). "Russian Ships Steam Toward Georgia as Conflict Grows", Bloomberg.  
119.  "Russian forces mass against Georgia, says official", Reuters AlertNet
120.  "Georgia 'pulls out of S Ossetia'", BBC
121.  "Western words fall on deaf Russian ears", BBC
122.  "Aid to South Ossetia from Russia".
123.  "Russian news agencies report sunken Georgian ship - Yahoo! News".
124.   RussiaToday : News : Georgia announces ceasefire
125.  "Georgia says its troops 'have left S Ossetia'", Yahoo
126.  Womack, Helen (2008-08-10). "Georgia withdraws troops from South Ossetian capital", The Guardian.  
127.  "Georgia rebel region sends troops to disputed gorge", Reuters
128.  "Russia seizes South Ossetia as wider conflict feared". AFP ().
129.  "Грузия пока не прекратила огонь - Новости - Интерфакс".
130.  "Lenta.ru: Война в Осетии: Министры иностранных дел России и Грузии начали переговоры".
131.  "Lenta.ru: Война в Осетии: Лавров призвал Грузию вывести войска из Южной Осетии".
132.   "Tbilisi civilian airport hit in Russian air strike", Reuters
133.   "NEWSru.com :: МВД Грузии сообщает об ударе российской авиации по тбилисскому аэропорту, минобороны России упрекает его в "информационных провокациях"".
134.  "Russian news agencies report sunken Georgian ship", AP
135.  "Lenta.ru: Война в Осетии: Российские корабли потопили грузинский ракетный катер".
136.  "Security Council, Sixty-third year - 5953rd meeting" page 18. United Nations (, 11:35 a.m.).
137.   ^c "U.S.: Russia trying to topple Georgian government". CNN ().
138.  "Чуркин пояснил слова Лаврова о том, что Саакашвили России не партнер: Какой приличный человек будет с ним разговаривать?", Newsru (2008-08-11).   (Russian)
139.  "Security Council, Sixty-third year - 5953rd meeting" page 7. United Nations (, 11:35 a.m.).
140.  "Цхинвали вновь подвергся артиллерийскому обстрелу" (in Russian), Lenta.Ru.  
141.  "Грузия пытается затопить подвалы в Цхинвали" (in Russian), Lenta.Ru.  
142.  Russian ground forces assault vital Georgian city
143.  "Российская артиллерия начала обстрел города Гори" (in Russian), Lenta.Ru.  
144.  "Russia opens new front, drives deeper into Georgia", Yahoo News.  
145.  Russia Ready to Negotiate
146.  "Russians in Abkhazia issue ultimatum to Georgia" (in English), AP.  
147.  "Россия ввела в Абхазию 9 тысяч военных и 350 бронемашин" (in Russian), Lenta.Ru.  
148.  "В Абхазию прибыл командующий ВДВ России" (in Russian), Lenta.Ru.  
149.  "В России задержаны девять грузинских агентов" (in Russian), Lenta.Ru.  
150.  "Грузинских военных перебросили из Ирака американские самолеты" (in Russian), Lenta.Ru.  
151.  "Генштаб ответит на переброску грузинских войск из Ирака" (in Russian), Lenta.Ru.  
152.  "В госпитали Владикавказа поступили иностранные наемники" (in Russian), Lenta.Ru.  
153.  "Российских граждан не выпускают из Грузии" (in Russian), Lenta.Ru.  
154.  "МВД Грузии опровергает сообщения о задержании российских граждан" (in Russian), RIA Novosti.  
155.  "Более 360 россиян сообщили о том, что их не выпускают из Грузии" (in Russian), RIA Novosti.  
156.  Dzhindzhikhashvili, Misha (2008-08-12). "Russia opens new front, drives deeper into Georgia", The Associated Press.  
157.  "Russian troops in Georgia advance".
158.  "Georgia official says Russia captured Georgia town" (in English), Reuters.  
159.  Georgia: Russia fighting on several fronts as Georgian troops withdraw to defend Tbilisi
160.  "Russians march into Georgia as full-scale war looms" (in English), Guardian
161.  "'I got my children out minutes before the bombs fell'" (in English), Guardian
162.   "Russian troops invade Georgia and take the city of Gori", Times Online
163.   US military surprised by speed, timing of Russia military action AFP
164.  "В зону конфликта переброшены роты чеченских батальонов "Восток" и "Запад"" (in Russian), Lenta.Ru.  
165.  US sends more arms to Georgia – Israeli media Russia Today
166.  "U.S. starts evacuating embassy staff from Tbilisi" (in English), Russia Today.  
167.  "Russia says no plan to attack Tbilisi".
168.  "Российские войска покинули район города Сенаки".
169.  "Russian troops leave Senaki town-ministry".
170.  Russia Presses into Georgia, NYTimes, reporting from Senaki.
171.  "Georgian troops fire at refugees" (in English), Russia Today.  
172.  "Georgia: Russian troops seize a strategic prize in swift advance", The Daily Telegraph
173.  "Russia moves into Georgian territory as conflict worsens", Agence France-Presse
174.  Italy ready for Ossetia response ANSA Retrieved on 11 August 2008
175.  "России не понравился проект резолюции по Южной Осетии" (in Russian), Lenta.ru.  
176.  "Report: Abkhaz troops pushing Georgians from gorge", International Herald Tribune
177.  "Russian Forces Capture Military Base in Georgia", The New York Times
178.  "Сулима Ямадаева видели в окрестностях Цхинвали" (in Russian), Lenta.Ru.  
179.  "Russia says Georgian troops surrendering in South Ossetia", Sindh Today
180.  "Georgian spy arrested in Russia", RIA Novosti, Lenta.ru
181.  "Медведев объявил о завершении операции по принуждению к миру" (in Russian), Lenta.Ru.  
182.  "Завершение операции не помешает российским военным вести разведку в Грузии" (in Russian), Lenta.Ru.  
183.  Dozens of Russian vehicles head toward key gorge, Associated Press, Yahoo!,
184.  Georgia 'Still Being Bombed' Sky News 2008 August 12
185.  "South Ossettia leader says over 2,000 killed in conflict". Reuters
186.  "Red Cross needs corridor for wounded in S. Ossetia". 
187.  "Новости@Mail.Ru: Грузинские войска продолжают обстрел больницы в югоосетинской столице".
188.  Russian forces battle Georgians Retrieved on 08-08-08
189.  North Ossetia: Update on Casualties and Displaced Civilians Human Rights Watch Retrieved on 12-08-08
190.  "Security Council meets again to discuss violence in South Ossetia, Georgia".
191.  South Ossetia refugee buses arrive in Russia - Reuters
192.  Population paradox. "South Ossettia leader says 1,400 killed in conflict - Europe, World - The Independent".
193.  WRAPUP 1-Russia, Georgiattle in South Ossetia
194.  Путин: из Южной Осетии в Россию перешли 34 тысячи беженцев, RIA Novosti,
195.   Fighting resumed in South Ossetia Retrieved on 08-08-08
196.    Russian premier-minister Vladimir Putin promised to spend 10 bln rubles to reconstruct the infrastructures and the facilities in South Ossetia. Retrieved on 10-08-08
197.  "South Ossetia clashes intensify", BBC
198.  "Fighting escalates in Russia, Georgia conflict (w/video)".
199.  Журналисты в Цхинвали призывают мир открыть гуманитарный коридор - Новости России - ИА REGNUM
200.  Новая Газета Лента событий | Южная Осетия. Журналисты, находящиеся в Цхинвали, взывают о помощи
201.   ^c "Georgian troops pull out of South Ossetia".
202.  "Peacekeepers say Georgian forces shelling apartments in S.Ossetia".
203.  "Georgia opened an irrigation canal to flood the basements of Tskhinvali".
204.  "Russia to send more aid convoys to S. Ossetia".
205.  Russia to provide $200 mln in urgent aid for S. Ossetia RIA Novosti
206.  Georgia: Russia enters into 'war' in South Ossetia
207.  WRAPUP 1-Russia, Georgiattle in South Ossetia
208.   BBC NEWS Europe | Eyewitness: Scenes of panic in Gori
209.  Mission To End Georgia Crisis, 10.08.08
210.  Owen, Elizabeth; Giorgi Lomsadze  "GEORGIAN TROOPS WITHDRAW FROM SOUTH OSSETIA, RUSSIOMBS TBILISI AIRPORT", Eurasianet.  
211.  "Jewish Georgian minister: Thanks to Israeli training, we're fending off Russia" (in English), Haaretz.  
212.  "Ossétie du Sud : deux journalistes tués, deux autres blessés (radio)". Agence France-Press. Le Monde
213.  "2 journalists slain, 2 hurt in South Ossetia unrest--reports", Agence-France Press, Philippine Daily Inquirer
214.  "В Южной Осетии погибли двое журналистов" (in Russian), Lenta.Ru.  
215.  "В Южной Осетии обстреляна съемочная группа НТВ" (in Russian), Lenta.Ru.  
216.  "Съемочная группа телеканала "Вести" попала под обстрел" (in Russian), Lenta.Ru.  
217.  "Журналисты в Цхинвали призывают мир открыть гуманитарный коридор - Новости России - ИА REGNUM".
218.  "Russian Stocks Tank; War With Georgia Feared", Dow Jones & Company  
219.  "Russian equities tumble as tensions with Georgia escalate", The Associated Press
220.  Lesova, Polya (8 August 2008). "Fitch lowers Georgia's debt ratings to B+", MarketWatch.  
221.  Pagnamenta, Robin (8 August 2008). "Analysis: energy pipeline that supplies West threatened by war Georgia conflict", The Times.  
222.  Watkins, Eric (8 August 2008). "BTC export alternatives on hold as Russia, Georgia clash", Oil and Gas Journal.  
223.  "Russian jets targeted major oil pipeline: Georgia", Reuters
224.  "UN row flares over Ossetian conflict", Financial Times (London)
225.  "Oil sinks to 3-month low", CNN
226.  "Russia: Again Savior of Peace and Life". Pravda (9 August 2008).
227.  "Russia and Georgia wage PR battle for hearts and minds". Reuters ().
228.  "Russian President Dmitry Medvedev says Georgia must pull out of South Ossetia" timesonline.co.uk
229.  "Russia points to mediias in coverage of S.Ossetia conflict".
230.  "S.Ossetian News Sites Hacked". Civil Georgia
231.  "На сайте МИД Грузии появился коллаж с Гитлером (Article about site defacement, with photo)". Lenta.Ru.  (Russian)
232.  Schwirtz, Michael (August 8, 2008). "Russia and Georgia Clash Over Separatist Region". New York Times.
233.  "Saakašvili: Venemaa ei rünnanud Gruusiat, vaid tervet Euroopat" (in Estonian), Postimees
234.  "Gruusia välisministeeriumi kodulehekülg paigutati Eesti serverisse" (in Estonian). Eesti Päevaleht
235.  "Estonia sending cyber defense experts to Georgia". Networkworld
236.  Cenne polskie wsparcie dla Gruzji (in Polish) RMF FM. 9 August 2008.
237.  "Information about the latest developments in Georgia". President of the Republic of Poland. Office of the President of the Republic of Poland
238.  "Shelling of South Ossetia capital stopped". Russia Today.
239.  Sweeney, Conor (2008-08-10). "Russia, Georgia wage PR battle for hearts and minds", Reuters.  
240.  "Грузия заблокировала сайты в доменной зоне .ru", Lenta.Ru
241.  "RIA Novosti hit by cyber-attacks as conflict with Georgia rages".
242.  RT attacked Russia Today Retrieved 11-08-08
243.  "Russia accuses West of bias over South Ossetia", Reuters
244.  "Russia's Medvedev: Operation in S. Ossetia near conclusion - Israel News, Ynetnews".
245.  James Meikle; Lee Glendinning and Helen Womack in Moscow. "Russian troops advance into Georgia". The Guardian.
246.  "BBC NEWS" (Page last updated at 16:55 GMT, Monday, 11 August 2008 17:55 UK).
247.  Georgian helicopters bomb S.Ossetia targets-witness
248.  Dozens of Russian vehicles head toward key gorge, Associated Press, Yahoo!,
249.  Georgia 'Still Being Bombed' Sky News 2008 August 12
250.   "The New York Times: Russia and Georgia Clash Over Separatist Region".
251.  Saakashvili Appeals for Peace in Televised Address, Civil Georgia,
252.  AP:Georgia: In 'state of war' over South Ossetia
253.  AP:Georgia proposes cease fire in S Ossetia
254.   AFP : Russia thrusts into South Ossetia; clashes with Georgia reported
255.  "Russia, Georgia Near Full-Scale War Over South Ossetia".
256.  BBC News: Russian forces battle Georgians
257.  "Interview by Minister of Foreign Affaires of the Russian Federation Sergey Lavrov to BBC, Moscow"
258.  South Ossetian bloodshed claims hundreds of lives Russia Today, See also: Lenta.Ru: На Цхинвали движется колонна русских танков (Russian) and Медведев пообещал наказать Грузию. Lenta.ru.  (Russian) and Youtube video: Official statement of the President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev in view of situation in South Ossetia(Russian)
259.  "Medvedev tells Bush Russia aims to force Georgia to accept peace". RIA Novosti.
260.  Reports: UN Security Council to Discuss S.Ossetia. Civil Georgia.
261.  Georgian troops, planes, pound separatists Retrieved on 09-08-08
262.  "Russia Warned NATO against Further Support of Georgia", Kommersant
263.  Armed Cossacks pour in to fight Georgians - The Guardian
264.  Experts argue over Georgia-Ossetia conflict Retrieved on 09-08-08
265.  "Лукин призвал создать международный трибунал по Южной Осетии" (in Russian), Lenta.Ru.  
266.  "Радиостанция "Эхо Москвы" / Передачи / Разворот / Пятница, 08.08.2008: Владимир Жириновский, Геннадий Зюганов, Александр Дзасохов, Сергей Митрохин, Никита Белых".
267.  "Georgia: In 'state of war' over South Ossetia".
268.  Pleming, Sue  "U.S. says Russia uses 'disproportionate' force", Reuters.  
269.   ^c "Analysis: Israel tiptoes around conflict".
270.   "Israel backs Georgia in Caspian Oil Pipeline Battle with Russia".
271.  "Jewish Georgian minister: Thanks to Israeli training, we're fending off Russia".
272.  "Г.А.Зюганов об итогах встречи представителей думских партий с президентом: КПРФ – за срочное признание независимости Южной Осетии и Абхазии, а также полный разгром агрессора" (in Russian), КПРФ  
273.  Gorbachev, Mikhail (2008-08-12). "A Path to Peace in the Caucasus", The Washington Post.  
274.  Южная Осетия призвала мировое сообщество признать ее независимость. Lenta.ru.
275.  "Абхазия призвала лишить Грузию армии" (in Russian), Lenta.Ru.  
276.   BBC NEWS Europe | Georgia 'pulls out of S Ossetia'
277.  (Russian) "Грузинская авиация нанесла удар по Южной Осетии", Lenta.Ru
278.    ^e (Polish) Kościński, Piotr (9 August 2008). "W ewentualnej wojnie z Rosją Gruzini nie są na straconej pozycji", Rzeczpospolita.  
279.  "Georgia: Russia fighting a 'war' in South Ossetia", Telegraph.co.uk.  
280.   В зону конфликта переброшены роты чеченских батальонов "Восток" и "Запад"
281.  Российских военных обучают как вести себя в случае грузино-абхазского конфликта 11/07/08
282.  (Russian) "Черноморский флот проводит перегруппировку у берегов Абхазии", Lenta.Ru
283.  "Press Briefing by Press Secretary Dana Perino and Senior Director for East Asian Affairs Dennis Wilder and Deputy National Security Advisor Ambassador Jim Jeffrey - MarketWatch".
284.  [2] Chronicle of the conflict by the RTR Planeta correspondent Sladkov
285.  [3] Narodnoe opolcheniye in Vladikavkaz demand the government to be sent to Southern Ossetia (Народные ополченцы во Владикавказе требуют от властей отправить их в Южную Осетию) 16:27 09/ 08/ 2008
286.  "Генштаб России делится подробностями".
287.  Michael Hoffman. "U.S. takes Georgian troops home from Iraq".
288.  "Война в Осетии: В Цхинвали нашли убитых чернокожих наемников". Lenta.ru.
289.  "Война в Осетии: Российский самолет сбросил бомбы на базу с американскими инструкторами". Lenta.ru.
290.  U.S. Assails Russian 'Escalation' Of Crisis. Washington Post. .
291.  Avi Bar-Eli (2008-01-17). "Israel proposes crude pipeline from Georgia to Eastern Asia". Haaretz.com.

Links

• Georgian Ministry of Defense - site may be down due to cyber attack
• Georgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs - site may be down due to cyber attack
• President of Georgia
• State Committee of Information and Press of the Republic of South Ossetia (English)
• Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (Russian)
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (Russian)

Map resources

• Topographic maps of the region from Poyehali

This guide is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia.