IMF Headquarters in Washington D.C.

Patterns of organizing and administering trade include:

  • State control - trade centrally controlled by government planning.
    • Laws regulating Trade and establishing a framework such as trade law, tariffs, support for intellectual property, opposition to dumping.
  • Guild control - trade controlled by private business associations holding either de facto or government-granted power to exclude new entrants.
    • In contemporary times, the language has evolved to business and professional organizations, often controled by academia. For example in many states, a person may not practice the professions of engineering, law, law enforcement, medicine, and teaching unless they have a college degree and, in some cases, a license.
  • Free enterprise - trade without significant central controls; market participants engage in trade based on their own individual assessments of risk and reward, and may enter or exit a given market relatively unimpeded.
  • Infrastructure in support of trade, such as banking, stock market,
  • Technology in support of trade such as electronic commerce, vending machines.

International organizations

European Common Market
GATT = General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
G8
IMF = International Monetary Fund
OPEC = Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

Free trade areas

Free trade organizations or free trade areas
European Free Trade Association
Free Trade Area of the Americas
NAFTA = North American Free Trade Agreement
South American Community of Nations

United Nations umbrella

UNCTAD = United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
WTO = World Trade Organization

This guide is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia.

Video: The World Trade Organization (WTO) and the global resistance

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