Precession of the perihelion
The essential elements of the scientific method are traditionally described as follows:
Observe: Observe or read about a phenomenon.
Hypothesize: Wonder about your observations, and invent a hypothesis, a 'guess', which could explain the phenomenon or set of facts that you have observed.
Test
Predict: Use the logical consequences of your hypothesis to predict observations of new phenomena or results of new measurements.

Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films, individually and collectively. In general this can be divided into journalistic criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other popular, mass-media outlets and academic criticism by film scholars that is informed by film theory and published in journals.