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Francis Ford Coppola, 2007
Thomas Nast immortalized Santa Claus with an illustration for the January 3, 1863, issue of Harper's
This year the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Barack Obama "for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples". The Nobel Prize Committee said that "His diplomacy is founded in the concept that those who are to lead the world must do so on the basis of values and attitudes that are shared by the majority of the world's population".
The RAND Health Insurance Experiment (RAND HIE) was a comprehensive study of health care cost, utilization and outcome in the United States. It is the only randomized study of health insurance, and the only study which can give definitive evidence as to the causal effects of different health insurance plans. Most health economics studies are observational, and can only give associational evidence. Although the study was conducted in the 1970's and early 1980's, the results are still highly relevant, since RAND HIE is the only study which can make causal statements.
In 1971, a RAND group, led by health economist Joe Newhouse and including statistician Carl Morris, established an insurance company using funding from the then-United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. The company insured 5809 people, randomly assigned to insurance plans that either had no cost-sharing, 25, 50 or 95% copayment rates with a maximum annual payment of $1000.
1885-built Benz Patent Motorwagen, the first car to go into production with an internal combustion engine
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